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Calendar of Operations
October

The Florist and Pomologist, 1864

Stove.

Pay every necessary attention to plants for winter flowering, such as Justicicias, Euphorbias, Poinsettias, Gesneras, &c. Plants that have done growing will now require very little water; keep the plants clean, and look out well for insects. Plants that are in a state of rest, should be kept perfectly dry.

Conservatory

Shorten back climbers on rafters, that the plants below may have all the light possible. All the plants should be well cleaned and neatly tied before the are housed. Do not on any account crowd the plants; it is much better to throw away any inferior plants than, by keeping them, to injure valuable specimens. Place all the large plants in flower in prominent places, so that they may be properly seen. A few of the earlier kinds of Camellias will now begin to expand their blooms; some of the earlier kinds of Chrysanthemums will also be coming into flower; these, with many other things that flower at this season, will, when tastefully arranged, make these houses gay and cheerful. Attend to cleanliness, water when necessary, and ventilate freely in fine weather.

Greenhouse.

Hardwooded Plants.-- All greenhouse plants that have stood out of doors during the summer months should now be safely housed; give them plenty of air in fine weather, but be careful to keep closed, or nearly so, during strong cold winds or frosts. Pay especial attention to the watering at this season. Keep every place as dry and clean as possible.

Softwooded Plants.-- These should on no account be crowded, and they should have plenty of air in fine weather, but they must be carefully protected from winds and frosts. Fumigate for green fly.

Azaleas. -- Keep these just moist at the roots--never dry or wet. If any of the plants require staking or tying out, the present is a good time to attend to such matters. Young plants that have been growing in hothouses hould now be placed in cool houses, that they may have a rest; this will enable them to start with fresh vigour in spring.

Camellias.-- Stake and tie up these; syringe occasionally, and keep the soil at roots just moist. Thin the bloom-buds if not already done. Give plenty of air.

Cinerarias. -- Continue to put in cuttings, and sow seeds for late-flowering plants; those that were struck early and potted into small pots will now require a shift into larger, using a mixture of good fibrous loam, with an admixture of leaf mould and sand. If specimen plants are required, select some of the strongest; -- those with two or three shoots are preferrable, as they tend to give the greatest surface of flower. Look well to aphis and mildew; fumigate moderately, and sulphur such as require it. Give all the air possible, so as to harden for the coming winter, and protect against early frosts.

Pelargoniums.-- This is an important season for the management of these plants. All should be housed by this time, if not already done. If the directions given in previous Numbers have been attended to, a fine stock of young plants will be the result, some of which will have attained a considerable size. Pinch out the centre of new struck plants, to induce a dwarf and bushy growth; repot as needed, using good turfy loam and well decayed manure, and silver sand, with plenty of drainage. Those plants that are intended to flower early, and have not received their final shift, more especially the specimens that are selected for the early exhibitions, must not be delayed. Water carefully when the plants require it. Shut the house up early in the afternoon, and when the weather is damp and cold a little fire in the evening will be beneficial to the plants. Keep under that great enemy the green fly, by frequently fumigating. Fancy varieties should be kept a little drier as well as a little warmer than the large-flowering kinds. But the greatest cleanliness should be observed in the cultivation of all.

Forcing.

Prepare slight hotbeds for salads; sow Mustard and Cress once a week: sow French Beans.

Cucumbers.-- Plants in bearing will require slight fires by night; they will also need a moist growing atmosphere. See directions in last month's Calendar.

Pinery.-- Attend to the autumn and winter crop of fruit; water when neccessary, and syringe occasionally. they must have a steady bottom heat of from 80 degrees to 85 degrees, and a nice moist atmosphere. Towards the end of the month, if the weather is cold, slight fires will be required at night. Plants for fruiting next year should now have a drier atmosphere, and abundance of air in fine weather. Keep a moist growing atmosphere, and a good steady bottom heat, to the young stock of plants; give air freely on fine days.

Strawberry.-- See directions in last month's Calendar.

Vinery. -- Fires will now be frequently necessary, especially in damp or wet weather, to dry the air in the late houses; give all the air possible in dry weather. Prepare to start the early house towards the middle or end of the month; little or no fire heat will be required for the first three or four weeks, unless in the case of a snow storm or any severe cold frosty weather. Use every possible means to get the Vines to break strong and regularly. keep up a moist atmosphere, and a night temperature of from 45 degrees to 50 degrees.

Kitchen Garden.

Towards the end of the month take advantage of fine weather to get up and store root crops, such as Carrots, Parsnips, Beet, Salsafy, Scorzoners, &c. Take up late crops of Potatoes. Continue to earth-up Celery when dry, and to tie-up Endive when dry. Persevere in the destruction of weeds when the ground is dry enough for hoeing. Clear off all decayed vegetables and keep every place tidy. Plant Lettuces on warm sheltered borders to stand over the winter; clean and dress Asparagus-beds. Manure and trench or ridge vacant ground; push forward all alterations.

Fruit Garden

Hardy Fruit.-- Continue to gather and store in Apples and Pears on fine days; they are ripe earlier than usual this season, owing to the hot summer we have had; ours are remarkably fine this season. After the fruit has been laid in the fruit-room for a week or two, it should be carefully examined; the coicer kinds of late Pears, when dry, should be wrapped in paper and placed either in close drawers or large jars; they keep better in this way than when laid on shelves. When proper attention has been paid to disbudding and summer pruning, the wood and buds will now be in the finest possible condition, after the glorious summer just past; the trees promise well for next season. The planting of fruit trees should be proceeded with without loss of time-- before wet unfavourable weather sets in; also any pruning that may want doing should be pushed on with all dispatch.

Orchard House.-- This should have the most thorough ventilation night and day, which tends greatly to the proper ripening of the wood.

Flower Garden.

If considerable attention and labour were neccessary last month to keep up the gay appearance of the flower garden, how much greater attention and labour will now be required to do so? For owing to the hot weather of the past summer, many things have done flowering; and we may now daily expect strong winds, or heavy rains, or what is still worse, a nipping frost. Go daily over the beds, and remove all dead flowers, &c. Roll and mow the grass often: roll the walks frequently, and see they are clear of weeds. Put in plenty of cuttings of all different kinds of bedding plants, and take care to do it ere a sharp frost completely kills them.

Pleasure Grounds. -- Commence intended alterations; prosecute with all possible dispatch the transplanting of large evergreens. Make preparations, in anticipation of severe weather, to protect tender and valuable trees and shrubs. Attend to all routine matters, such as rolling, mowing, &c.

Cold Frames.-- All plants in pots that require protection in winter ought now to be placed under cover, in anticiipation of frost. Tender and half-hardy annuals in pots that are intended for early spring flowering should now be introduced into cold frames; they should stand on a dry floor, and near the glass; they should have abundance of air, but the lights should always be kept over the plants in wet or damp weather. A variety of "bedding" plants should be kept in a similar manner. Water should only be given when absolutely necessary. Be careful to cover up well in frosty weather.

Florists' Flowers

Auriculas.-- Place these in their winter quarters; gradually withhold water; give plenty of air, and grow them quite hardy, but allow the plants to have no rain.

Carnations and Picotees.-- Never take the layers from the stools for potting when in a wet state; all should, however, be potted as soon as possible, so that there may be planety of time to harden the plants after drawing root.

Dahlias.-- Save seed as often as it can be gathered ripe and dry; a long piece of the footstalk should be gathered wit it. See that all are correctly named before the frost arrives; also mark promising seedlings.

Hollyhocks.-- Cuttings will now strike readily if a little bottom heat is used; repot those first struck. The stools of choice kinds may be potted-up, to produce cuttings during the winter.

Pinks. -- Plant immedieately for blooming, choosing fine weather, when the soil is dry. At the end of the month pot-up such as are required for wintering in pots.

Tulips. -- Prepare beds, so that they may be got in about the 1st of November. Offsets may be planted at the latter end of the present month.

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